Lycosidae in a northwest area of kanto plain, central japan. Pengandalian hayati, yaitu dengan menggunakan musuh alami wereng, misalnya laba laba predator lycosa pseudoannulata, kepik microvelia douglasidan cyrtorhinuss lividipenis, kumbang paederuss fuscipes, ophinea nigrofasciata,dan synarmonia octomaculata. Transcriptome response to temperature stress in the wolf. Scope of plant protection a practical point of view. Functional response parameters of the wolf spider lycosa pseudoannulata on different bph nymph densities in microcosm. Search rates and handling times were evaluated by a series of separate functional response experiments for each class size of wolf spider lycosa pseudoannulata boesenberg and strand searching six. It is estimated that weeds, plant diseases, and pre and postharvest pests. Other seven lycosid species alopecosa virgata, arctosa depectinata, arctosa subamylacea, lycosa coelestis, pardosa pseudoannulata, pardosa yaginumai and pirata subpiraticus in the study area were not or seldom trapped because of their low mobility or low density at the trapping sites. To analyse the model theoretically, the geometric singular perturbation method is employed. The wolf spider pardosa pseudoannulata is a dominant predator in paddy ecosystem and an important biological control agent of rice pests. The experiment was conducted in the net house and laboratory to determine the effectiveness of two insecticides viz. Although adding either wolf spiders or insecticide to.
Lycosidae were studied age had a significant effect on courtship latency, courtship intensity, and mating duration of the p. The brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stal homoptera, delphacidae become a serious pest in tropical asia in the 1970s. Studies on the biology of the predatory wolf spider. There are many natural enemies that have been used as the biological control agent for controlling the outbreak of brown planthoppers such as cyrtorhinus lividipennis and lycosa pseudoannulata 8,9,10,11. An wolf spider, lycosa pseudoannulata, collected from the field were reared in test tubes supplied with fruit flies as the food, and the number and weight of fruit flies killed per unit time and the weight of residuum of killed flies were recorded. To expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems.
Toxic effects of two insecticides on brown plant hopper. Those characteristics obviously result from combinations of the physio logical properties intrinsic to the insect and the environmental climatic, biotic. Lycosa pseudoannulata was the most active predator during all the recorded h. When the cumulative number of flies killed by a spider was plotted against time after the beginning of food supply, the angle of the curve obtained. International journal of zoological research now accepting new submissions. Yasuhiro fujii 1 1 department of biology, the nippon dental university released 20070329. Predators, such as hunting spiders, could enter some of the cages to feed. Dynamical modeling of the control of brown planthoppers by. The change from darkness to light did not generally affect the spiders. Preliminary studies on the respiratory energy loss of a. Wolf spiders are highly mobile and readily colonize newly. Spiracles of the lungs in book spiders are almost closed in the animal at rest davies and edney, 1952. In this study, we focus on cyrtorhinus lividipennis. Species formerly classified as lycosa were the most studied ones.
International journal of zoological research volume 2. The respirometer was run at the mean temperatures prevailing month by month in the litter layer from which the experimental animals were collected and equations relating standard respiration rate to spider. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. The plant hoppers could not leave the cages but were able to feed. Threat to rice production in asia low initial density, steep and steady population growth, clumped spatial distribution, and violent density fluctuations from year to year. Often incorrectly called the true tarantula, lycosa spp. In this backdrop, this pocket book is prepared to strengthen the field diagnosis procedure of faw for the farmers, extension workers, students and other stakeholders etc.
Lycosa pseudoannulata, tetragnatha maxillosa, atypena formosana, microvelia douglasi atrolineata, pseudogonatopus sp. Behavior of the wolf spider lycosa pseudoannulata boes. Pdf biology of wolf spider lycosa pseudoannulata boesenberg. Pdf in this work, a mathematical model is proposed to investigate the population dynamics of brown planthopper, which is a major insect pest of rice. Helpful insects, spiders, and pathogens books international rice. Ku501289 was obtained by race technology, which has an open reading frame of 1662 bp.
In addition to four aches ppache14 we identified from p. Animal behaviour, biochemistry and physiology, developmental biology, ecology, genetics, morphology and ultrastructure, parasitology and pathology, and systematics and evolution. Effect of temperature and prey abundance on mass rearing. Cytogenetic studies of three lycosidae species from. Further details may be available for individual references in the distribution table details section which can. Our aim in this work was to perform a comparative analysis of the meiosis in lycosa erythrognatha lucas. Modelling the population dynamics of brown planthopper.
Ecology of the brown planthopper in temperate regions. In the life of the spider, fabres careful observations of the species tarantula, the banded epeira, the narbonne lycosa, the crab spider and the. Pests of rice, symptoms and their management rice is one of indias major staple food crop. An adult could consume as many as 22 mirids per day. In this work, a mathematical model is proposed to investigate the population dynamics of brown planthopper, which is a major insect pest of rice, and its natural enemies namely cyrtorhinus lividipennis and lycosa pseudoannulata. Splashing water on the rice plant caused all the spiders to move up and down the plant or away from the plant. Predation by the spider on this mirid was evaluated in functional response experiments in the insectary. Differences between stages or sexes were obscure both in.
Both male and female spiders attacked all stages of the mirid. Pardosa amentata adopts a sitandwait predation strategy with periodic changes of site. Interactions between biological control efforts and. It is widely distributed in south and southeast asia, australia only in tropical areas, oceania and some pacific islands cie, 1984. The lungs of mygalomorph spiders have been reported as highly refined. The uruguayan coastline, where most of the studies regarding the biology of a. This genus includes the european lycosa tarantula, which was once associated with tarantism, a dubious affliction whose symptoms included shaking, cold sweats, and a high fever. Efforts have also been made to provide the information on native biocontrol agents and basic management practices to be. There are about 38,000 described species of spider worldwide. Thesis agriculture books, references, online library. Effects of age on the courtship, copulation, and fecundity. Lycosa is a genus of wolf spiders distributed throughout most of the world.
Molecules free fulltext characterization of the fifth. Major pests of rice and their management agriedu4u. Scientific name of rice is oryza sativa, it comes under the grass family poaceae. The metabolic costs of this strategy were evaluated using a gilson respirometer. Lycosa pseudoannulata feeds on rice pests such as leafhoppers and planthoppers, but also on other beneficial species such as the mirid cyrtorhinus lividipennis. Spraying insecticides early in the growing season kills most of the brown plant hoppers, but the spiders are even more sensitive to the chemical. Pulli carrying behaviour in wolf spiders lycosidae, araneae 147 other lycosids collected and reared to compare with lycosa sp. Thermal biology has been poorly studied in spiders. Oxygen consumption, book lungs, mygalomorph spider. Starvation time and predatory efficiency of spider species.
Species edit pardosa abagensis ovtsharenko, 1979 russia, abkhazia. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Pdf on jan 1, 2008, akhtar ali khan and others published biology of wolf spider lycosa pseudoannulata boesenberg and strand araneae. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Irrn guidelines the international rice research newsletter objective is. During an investigation into the effectiveness of this method, brown plant hoppers were put into cages in rice fields. In the absence of its natural enemies, brown plant hopper can recover and damage the crop. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. Quantitative evaluation of predation by spiders on the. Pardosa is a large genus of wolf spiders, with more than 500 described species that are found in all regions of the world. Feeding efficiency of wolf spider, pardosa pseudoannulata. Relationship between fresh y and dry x weights of spiders inhabiting the bottom layer of the rice.
Pulli carrying behaviour in wolf spiders lycosidae, araneae. Cytogenetic studies of the family lycosidae arachnida. Lycosa pseudoannulata has a forkshaped mark on the back and the abdomen has white markings. To elucidate the basic food requirement of spiders, the important polyphagous predators of rice. The effects of age on the courtship, copulation and fecundity of pardosa pseudoannulata araneae. Maximizing the crop yield on a limited area of arable land is an absolute necessity.